How to Use a CNC Machine - 7 Effective Tips

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How to Use a CNC Machine - 7 Effective Tips

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CNC machines are commonly used for manufacturing across various industries, ranging from aerospace to medical. Operating a commercial CNC machine requires specialized training and distinct traits, such as a keen eye for detail, tech-savviness, creativity and problem-solving skills.

Because CNC machines use highly complex technology, they’re often accompanied by a steep learning curve. That's why the CNC Machining Technology program at NASCAR Technical Institute provides students with in-depth and hands-on training from expert instructors. Students graduate from the CNC machining program with a foundation of knowledge and are prepared for the industry.

If you're thinking about a career in CNC machining but aren't quite sure yet – stick around! In this article, we’ll define what a CNC machine is, what it is used for, how to use a CNC machine and why CNC machining could be an exciting career.

What is a CNC Machine? (Computerized Numerical Control)

CNC stands for computerized numerical control. The machine is controlled by computer software that uses a mathematical coordinate system to direct various tools across multiple axes on the machine. It is a highly efficient process when compared to manual machining.

The tools cut, mill, drill, tap and shape the material to create a specific product. Many people confuse CNC machines with 3D printers. However, CNC machines produce by subtracting material from a larger workpiece, while 3D printers produce by adding material.

CNC machines can be used with various materials, including wood, plastic, foam, composites and metals such as aluminum, steel and more.

There are many different types of CNC machines. The one machinists use depends on the material they’re working with and what they’re creating.

What Is a CNC Machine Used For?

There are countless CNC machine uses. Large manufacturers across various industries rely on CNC machines because they can mass produce products ranging from electronic parts to jewelry to car components quickly and accurately. There are multiple CNC machines, including industrial and hobby machines.

The most common industrial CNC machines include:

Router machine: Routers are known for their quick and clean work. They have three to six axes and are ideal for creating intricate products.
Milling machine: This is one of the largest CNC machines on the market. It has three to six axes and subtracts material by milling, tapping, drilling, and turning.
Lathe machine: Small and compact, lathe machines shape products by cutting away material as it rotates.
Plasma cutter: Plasma cutter machines rely on a plasma torch to melt away the material being cut. They’re best for 2D solid materials, like steel.
Electric discharge: An operator places a workpiece between two electrodes while the machine calculates the level of electric discharge needed to subtract material.
Laser cutter: As indicated by the name, this machine relies on lasers to cut and shape the material. The lasers are adjusted according to the material density.

Most hobbyists invest in small CNC router machines. Hobby machines are typically limited to softer materials like wood and plastic. There are more advanced machines on the market that cut hard metals but learning to them safely and accurately may take some time.

Who Uses a CNC Machine?

As previously mentioned, multiple industries rely on CNC machinists to manufacture goods that are crucial to their line of work. Some of those industries include:

Aerospace
Transportation
Defense
Firearms
Commercial
Electronics
Medical
Optical
Oil and gas
Marine

Machinists’ responsibilities include stocking materials, performing maintenance and evaluating the final products to ensure they're up to standard.

They also read blueprints to create a code the CNC machine can understand, known as G-code. G-code is what directs the machine's tools to create a specific product.

CNC machines are commonly used by trained professionals, but many people with a fabrication hobby take an interest in them too.

7 Tips on How to Use a CNC Machine

Because CNC machines utilize highly complex technology, they’re often accompanied by a steep learning curve. If you’re starting as a hobbyist here are a few tips on how to use a CNC machine.

1. Understand What You Are Using the Machine For

Before beginning the machining process, it’s important to evaluate what you’re creating – what purpose will it serve? Determining this will assist you in choosing a material and ensuring your particular CNC machine is the best fit for the job. This step will also help you develop a design plan using your preferred software.

2. Learn How the Software Works

Learning to navigate software can be tricky and takes time. Most CNC software consists of three parts: CAD, CAM, and G-Code, while others consist of CAD and CAM software but call for a separate G-code sender. So, what does all this mean?

CAD stands for computer-aided design. CAM stands for computer-aided manufacturing, and G-Code essentially translates your project ideas and specifications to a CNC machine.

We’ll cover each of these concepts more below, but you'll want to familiarize yourself with your software’s capabilities before starting.

3. Draw Out Your Idea

This is where CAD software comes in handy. It helps you get your ideas on screen. CAD software contains a graphical user interface that allows users to create and manipulate 2D and 3D objects.

To shape the object, users fine-tune the geometric parameters. This is also the step where users will be able to determine whether their design ideas are realistic or not. With that said, CAD allows manufacturers to create precise and durable products.

4. Prepare Materials

Now that you know what you’ll be making, you should be able to determine which material to use. If you’re still having trouble, consider the following:

Environment: What kind of environment will the finished product be used in? For example, if the product will be placed outdoors, it will need to be made from a durable material.
Strength: Strength is inherent to material, so ensure the one you choose is a good fit for your design and the finished product’s purpose.
Dimensional tolerance: Tolerance refers to how precise the finished product needs to be to the planned measurements to meet safety standards. Some materials provide more accuracy than others.

Once you know the specifications of your workpiece, prepare your machine through a warm-up routine. Doing so will ensure it’s at the proper operating range and at a stable temperature.

5. Calculate the Toolpaths

It’s time to break out your CAM software. This step is slightly more complex than the CAD process. It is where you tell the software what tools to use, where to subtract material, and how fast and deep to cut. Put simply, you set coordinates for each tool to follow during the machining process.

The CAM system also helps users generate the numerical code, known as G-Code. As mentioned above, G-code translates the instructions you created using CAM to your CNC machine.

For this reason, your CAM process will likely have a setup step where you have to answer detailed questions about your specific CNC machine and its tools.

6. Insert Materials and Begin the Program

For this step, you’ll need your workpiece and work holding. A work holding is an apparatus or device that keeps the workpiece steady during machining.

The kind you use should correlate with your material and toolpaths. Common CNC machine work holdings include:

T-slots: A table with long t-shaped slots across it. Machinists lay a workpiece on the surface and secure it with t-slot nuts and fasteners.
Clamps: Come in various forms depending on your needs. They often work in conjunction with t-slot tables.
Glue: Glue is a good option for thin or oddly shaped workpieces.
Vices: Holds the workpiece between two ends. They are best for straight-edged workpieces as they can be restrictive.
Bolts: This method is very secure and ideal for forceful cuts. It places bolts in the corner of the workpiece, so it does require extra material to ensure the toolpaths are not restricted.
Vacuum table: Creates a vacuum beneath the workpiece to hold it down. It is best for flat pieces and a good alternative to clamps, vices, and bolts.

Once you’ve set up your materials, ensure you’re taking proper safety measures by dressing in the appropriate personal protection equipment (PPE).

Now all that’s left to do is begin the program!

7. Clean up and Conduct Proper Maintenance

Once your project is complete, be sure to clean your machine. Believe it or not, this is one of the most important steps to using a CNC machine. CNC maintenance is crucial to the lifespan of your machine, as well as the success of your projects. It prevents premature damage as it keeps the various tools operating safely and properly.

Different CNC machines have unique maintenance requirements, so be sure to follow the guidelines specified for your machine.

FAQ

Is a CNC Machinist a Good Career?

CNC machinists have the chance to make a real impact. The skills they build during their training are in demand across essential industries, including the medical, aerospace and transportation fields.

Do CNC Machinists Make Good Money?

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the median annual salary for computer numerically controlled operators in the United States was $46,640 in May 2021.³⁴ This means half of CNC machinists earned more and half earned less. Keep in mind that salary depends on several factors, including experience, employer, demand, and cost of living in the area.

How Long Does It Take to Become a CNC Machinist?

At NASCAR Technical Institute, students can complete their CNC machining training in just 36 weeks. Upon graduating, they are prepared to pursue work in several industries.¹

Is Becoming a CNC Machinist Hard?

CNC machining isn't for everyone. In addition to specialized training, CNC machinists require specific characteristics such as attention to detail, dedication, adaptability, creativity, critical thinking and organization.

Learn How to Use a CNC Machine at NASCAR Technical Institute

NASCAR Technical Institute, located in Mooresville, North Carolina, offers a CNC Machining Technology program that can be completed in just 36 weeks. In the following CNC machining courses, students gain the practical skills needed to pursue careers after graduation:

Basic Machine Shop Skills
Mathematics, Materials and Maintenance
Interpreting Blueprints/Job Layout
Manual Machining Basics
Manual Machining on the Lathe
Manual Machining on the Mill
CNC Basics
CNC Turning I & II
CNC Milling I & II
CAD and CAM

The curriculum taught in these courses was developed in conjunction with Roush Yates, a leading brand in the performance industry. Additionally, brands like Mastercam, Mitee-bite and Mitsubishi Materials team up with NASCAR Tech to provide students practice using the tools and technology they will see in the field.

Ready to turn your passion into a career? Click here to request more info or fill out a CNC Machining program application.

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1) NASCAR Technical Institute is an educational institution and cannot guarantee employment or salary.

2) For program outcome information and other disclosures, visit www.uti.edu/disclosures.

34) UTI’s CNC Machining Technology Program prepares graduates for entry-level positions using the provided training, primarily as CNC machinists. Estimated annual salary shown above is for Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators as published in the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics’ May 2021 Occupational Employment and Wages. Entry-level salaries are lower for UTI graduates. UTI is an educational institution and cannot guarantee employment or salary. UTI graduates’ achievements may vary. Individual circumstances and wages depend on economic factors, personal credentials, work experience, industry certifications, the location of the employer, and their compensation programs. Some UTI graduates get jobs within their field of study in positions other than as a CNC technician, such as CNC operator, apprentice machinist, and machined parts inspector. Salary information for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts: The average annual entry-level salary for persons employed as Computer-Controlled Machine Tool Operators, Metal and Plastic (51-4011) in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is $35,140 (Massachusetts Labor and Workforce Development, May 2020 data https://lmi.dua.eol.mass.gov/lmi/OccupationalEmploymentAndWageSpecificOccupations#). Salary information for North Carolina: The U.S. Department of Labor estimates the hourly median wage for skilled CNC machinists in North Carolina is $19.04 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, May 2021 Occupational Employment and Wages, Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators). The Bureau of Labor Statistics does not publish entry-level salary data. However, the 25th and 10th percentile of hourly earnings in North Carolina are $16.49 and $14.19, respectively.

Universal Technical Institute of Illinois, Inc. is approved by the Division of Private Business and Vocational Schools of the Illinois Board of Higher Education.

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