When heating or cooling systems stop working right, someone needs to figure out why — and fix it fast.
That’s where HVACR techs come in.
If you’re thinking about a career that’s hands-on, requires problem-solving and is always in demand, learning HVAC troubleshooting might be your first step.
This article breaks down real-world issues seen on the job and how technicians spot, diagnose and fix them. You can also learn how Universal Technical Institute (UTI) helps students train with industry-standard tools to build career-ready skills.1
Common HVACR Problems and How To Spot Them
Inadequate heating or cooling
One of the most common HVAC problems is uneven or weak temperature control. If a space isn’t getting warm or cool enough, it could mean clogged filters, low refrigerant, a dirty evaporator coil or a faulty compressor. A technician learns to test each part of the system methodically to find the root cause.
Unusual noises or odors
Rattling, buzzing, grinding or a burning smell usually signals a mechanical or electrical issue. These warning signs could point to worn-out fan motors, broken belts or overheating parts. Identifying them quickly is a core part of troubleshooting HVAC systems in the field.
Thermostat malfunctions
Sometimes the problem isn’t the HVAC unit — it’s the thermostat. If a system won’t turn on or off at the right time, or if the room temperature doesn’t match the display, a miswired or broken thermostat may be to blame. Knowing how to diagnose it is part of any HVAC troubleshooting checklist.
Read: HVAC Systems & Indoor Air Quality: What You Should Know
Step-by-Step Troubleshooting
Visual inspections and diagnostic tools
Techs start with what they can see and hear. A basic inspection checks for loose wires, leaks, blocked vents or dirty filters. Then they turn to tools like multimeters and pressure gauges to dig deeper. This step-by-step process is the heart of any reliable HVAC troubleshooting guide.
Electrical checks and refrigerant assessment
Many problems come down to voltage or refrigerant. Technicians check voltage at key points, inspect fuses and confirm that circuits are working. They also measure refrigerant levels to rule out leaks or low charge — both of which can cause system failure if ignored.
Read: What is An HVACR Maintenance Technician?
Tools Every Technician Should Have
Multimeters, manifold gauges and leak detectors
Reliable HVAC diagnostic work requires the right gear. Multimeters test voltage and continuity. Manifold gauges measure refrigerant pressure. Leak detectors help spot escaping refrigerant. These tools are part of nearly every repair, and UTI’s HVACR students are trained to use them correctly and safely.
Learn Refrigeration and HVAC Troubleshooting
Hands-on practice with real-world problems
In our 9-10 month HVACR Technician training program, students learn with actual HVACR systems. You can practice identifying and fixing real issues using industry-aligned tools. This kind of hands-on learning helps you build the skills, knowledge and confidence needed to fix a customer’s system when it goes down.
Preparation for diagnostic certifications
UTI’s HVACR training also includes prep for certifications that many employers want to see, including EPA Section 608. These credentials show that you understand core HVACR troubleshooting procedures and know how to handle refrigerants and electrical systems safely.
Read: A Guide to Preparing for NATE Core HVACR Exams and Certifications
Apply for Hands-On HVACR Training!
Troubleshooting is at the heart of every HVACR technician career. UTI’s hands-on training enables you to use industry-aligned tools to develop the knowledge and skills needed to get it right. Our program is designed to be completed in less than a year.
Talk with an Admissions Representative at 1-800-834-7308 or get started today.
Universal Technical Institute of Illinois, Inc. is approved by the Division of Private Business and Vocational Schools of the Illinois Board of Higher Education.